This document is published by National Highways.

This document supersedes HD 36/06, HD 37/99, HD 38/16, IAN 156/16, IAN 157/11 and TA 81/16 which are withdrawn.

This document forms part of the works specification. It does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for applying all appropriate documents applicable to their contract.

The appropriate choice of surface course material plays a key role in providing roads that are safe, meet the needs of the user and offer good value for money. Permitted surface course materials and guidance on their selection are presented in this document.

In dry conditions all clean, surfaced roads have a high skidding resistance. However in wet conditions the skidding resistance is reduced. Using aggregates with an appropriate resistance to polishing for a particular site and traffic loading should result in a surfacing giving wet skidding resistance above the appropriate investigatory level (IL) assigned in accordance with CS 228 [Ref 7.N].

The assumptions made in GG 101 [Ref 3.N] apply to this document.

1.1 This document shall be applied to surface course materials for new and maintenance construction on both flexible and rigid pavements.

NOTE 1 This document gives requirements for aggregates in surface course materials, which aim to ensure that appropriate skidding resistance is provided on roads.

NOTE 2 Additional requirements for aggregates used in pavement construction can be found in the Specification (MCHW1) MCHW Series 0700 [Ref 6.N], MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 5.N] and MCHW Series 1000 [Ref 4.N] together with the Notes for Guidance MCHW Series NG 0700 [Ref 4.I], MCHW Series NG 0900 [Ref 5.I] and MCHW Series NG 1000 [Ref 3.I].

NOTE 3 Detailed information on maintenance of asphalt and concrete roads can be found in CM 231 [Ref 6.I] and CD 227 [Ref 1.I].

NOTE 4 This document does not cover the requirements for footways and cycleways, which can be found in CD 239 [Ref 2.I].

1.2 This document shall be read in conjunction with 'Skidding resistance' CS 228 [Ref 7.N].

1.3 This document shall be implemented forthwith on all schemes involving design of road pavement surface on the Overseeing Organisations’ motorway and all-purpose trunk roads according to the implementation requirements of  GG 101 [Ref 3.N].

1.4 The requirements contained in GG 101 [Ref 3.N] shall be followed in respect of activities covered by this document.

3.1 The aggregates used in pavement quality concrete complying with Clause 1026 of the Specification MCHW Series 1000 [Ref 4.N] shall be exempt from the requirements of Section 3 of this document.

3.2 Coarse aggregates or chippings shall undergo polished stone value (PSV) testing in accordance with BS EN 1097-8 [Ref 8.N] to determine the resistance to polishing under the action of traffic.

3.3 For all roads, PSV shall be selected from the rows of Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b for the relevant material type, and corresponding site category and traffic level.

3.3.1 PSV should be selected from those rows marked with a * in the default column of Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b.

NOTE 1 Table 3.3a applies to all types of surface course materials with the exception of Clause 942 thin surface course systems (TSCS), Clause 942TS (Stone Mastic Asphalt Surface Course (TS2010), Clause 942WG (Welsh Government Procedure W2F and Advice Guidance (PAG) 112/20 – Stone Mastic Asphalt Specification) and Clause 1026 (pavement quality concrete). Table 3.3b is applicable to Clause 942 TSCS only

NOTE 2 There is no PSV requirement for the aggregate used in clause 1026 materials (pavement quality concrete) , Clause 942TS (Stone Mastic Asphalt Surface Course (TS2010)) and), Clause 942WG (Welsh Government Procedure W2F and Advice Guidance (PAG) 112/20 – Stone Mastic Asphalt Specification) .

NOTE 3 Surfacing material containing a high proportion of calcined bauxite and 68+ psv natural aggregate blend in the mix can offer a similar skid resistance performance and durability to that provided by HFS in some of the site category and investigatory level combinations in table 3.3b.

3.4 The appropriate PSVs taken from Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b and AAVs from Table 3.10 shall be inserted in Appendix 7/1 of the Specification MCHW Series 0700 [Ref 6.N].

3.5 For all roads the justification for selecting PSV from rows other than those marked with a * in the default column of Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b shall be recorded.

NOTE 1 The default column * marked rows in Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b indicate the levels of PSV appropriate to the lowest CSC 'ST' marked cell in Table 4.1 (Site categories and investigatory levels) of CS 228 [Ref 7.N] .

NOTE 2 Aggregates with a lower PSV than indicated in Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b can be proposed if evidence is available that the aggregate has achieved the required life, skid resistance and skidding accident rate on a road of similar geometry, traffic volume and meteorological conditions.

3.6 Where ’68+’ material is listed in Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b, none of the three most recent results from consecutive PSV tests relating to the aggregate to be supplied shall fall below 68.

3.7 Basic oxygen steel slag complying with the chemical composition in Table 3.7 shall be classified as equivalent to PSV60 aggregate up to and including 5,000 cv/lane/day traffic at design life in site categories A, B and C when used in a TCSC complying with Clause 942 of the Specification MCHW Series NG 0900 [Ref 5.I].

3.8 The site category and investigatory level to be used in Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b shall be those which have been allocated to the specific site on which the material is to be laid.

3.9 Site category and investigatory level shall be determined by following the procedures in CS 228 [Ref 7.N].

3.10 The AAV for the coarse aggregate shall be selected from Table 3.10, based on the relevant site categories and traffic levels.

NOTE The aggregate abrasion value (AAV) of the coarse aggregate or chippings is determined in accordance with Annex A BS EN 1097-8 [Ref 8.N] having regard to the durability or resistance of the aggregate to abrasion under the action of traffic.

3.11 Limestone aggregates shall not be specified as the coarse aggregate or chippings in surface courses as noted in PD 6691 [Ref 2.N].

3.12 The traffic flow used to determine the PSV and AAV for a particular surfacing shall be the design traffic as commercial vehicles per lane per day (cv/lane/day) based on the annual average daily flow (AADF) predicted to be using the lane at the end of the anticipated life of the surfacing.

NOTE Information on traffic flow can be found in CD 224 [Ref 7.I].

3.13 For maintenance schemes where classified traffic counts are not generally available and automatic counters are used for vehicle counts, the number of commercial vehicles per lane shall be regarded as equivalent to the number of vehicles >6.6 m in length.

3.14 For new construction and complete carriageway resurfacing, the level of PSV chosen shall reflect the design traffic flows for each individual lane.

3.15 Where a single lane is being resurfaced for maintenance purposes the appropriate PSV and AAV shall be used for that lane.

NOTE The PSVs and AAVs chosen need not match the values of existing adjacent surfacing.

3.16 For lanes with a design traffic of zero commercial vehicles the minimum PSV for surface coarse aggregates shall be 50.

3.17 Where the traffic flow on motorways within site category A exceeds 6,000 commercial vehicles per day, the specified PSV for surface coarse aggregates shall not exceed those specified in Table 3.3a or Table 3.3b.

3.18 A maximum nominal aggregate size of 10 mm shall be specified in a thin surface course system on the circulatory part of a roundabout or other gyratory junctions or other highly stressed sites.

3.19 High friction surfacing (HFS) shall not be specified on the circulatory parts of roundabouts, even if traffic signal controlled.

3.20 HFS shall not be specified solely because a coloured road surface is required.

3.21 Any requirements for the use of coloured surfacing as determined in CD 127 [Ref 1.N] shall use materials provided in the National Application Annexes.

This document is published by National Highways.

This document is a National Application Annex to CD 236 [Ref 10.N].

This document forms part of the works specification. It does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for applying all appropriate documents applicable to their contract.

This National Application Annex gives the National Highways-specific requirements related to pavement surfacing for both flexible and rigid pavements.

The assumptions made in GG 101 [Ref 4.N] apply to this document.

E/1.1 Surface course materials shall be selected from the permitted options provided in Table E/1.1 from MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 7.N] & MCHW Series 1000 [Ref 5.N].

NOTE 1 Some of the particular factors that can influence the selection of a surface course material are provided in Appendix E/A.

NOTE 2 Traffic noise in lower speed zones (up to 50 km/h) is mainly attributable to engine, transmission and exhaust noise, especially from lorries.

NOTE 3 Where noise levels are high due to the intensity of high-speed traffic, surfacing materials are available that can significantly reduce tyre/road generated noise emission compared to hot rolled asphalt (HRA). These include, for example, hot, paver-laid thin surface course systems, performance concrete and exposed aggregate concrete.

E/1.1.1 HRA, cold applied ultra-thin surfacing (CAUTS) , performance concrete finished surface and exposed aggregate concrete (EAC) may be options for the surface course unless the site is ‘noise sensitive’.

E/1.2 Details of which surface course materials are selected (including the aggregate properties) shall be recorded as required by CD 226 [Ref 1.N] Section 6.

E/1.3 New lay-bys and hardstanding locations including emergency areas (EAs) shall use a surfacing from one of the following options:

NOTE 1 'Fuel resisting' is defined as a bituminous mixture that conforms to Cimax6 when tested to BS EN 12697-43 [Ref 1.I].

NOTE 2 'Deformation resisting' is defined as a bituminous mixture developing a rut depth (RD) of less than 2.5 mm when tested with a small device at 60C using procedure A for 1000 cycles to BS EN 12697-22 [Ref 2.I].

E/1.4 Existing lay-bys shall be resurfaced with either:

E/1.4.1 Existing bus lay-bys should be resurfaced with either:

E/1.5 Emergency areas (EAs) shall be surfaced in accordance with MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 7.N].

E/1.6 Where any of the following applies, a site shall be classed as 'noise sensitive':

NOTE 1 Examples of ‘sensitive receptors’ are given in LA 111 [Ref 8.N].

NOTE 2 Areas of landscape or biodiversity value include areas of bird nesting or areas with multiple footpaths used regularly for recreation.

E/1.7 Where the site is ‘noise sensitive’, a low noise surfacing (as defined in E/1.10) shall be used where traffic speeds are greater than 50 km/h.

E/1.7.1 All departure applications to use non-low-noise surfacing should be supported with a value for money calculation.

E/1.7.2 Where traffic speeds are 50 km/h or lower, a low noise surfacing may not be required even if the site is 'noise sensitive'.

NOTE Guidance on calculating the value for money of a 'noise sensitive' departure approval is provided in Appendix E/B.

E/1.8 HRA shall be used during resurfacing on bridge decks that have not been designed for a TSCS, even if the site is 'noise sensitive' and the approaches are surfaced in TSCS.

NOTE 1 Ponding of water in the surface layers, particularly TSCS, can occur if the bridge deck has not been fitted with an asphalt drainage system. Ponded water can contribute to reduced durability of the surface under trafficking and freeze/thaw conditions.

NOTE 2 Further information on bridge deck surfacing is available in CD 358 [Ref 12.N] .

E/1.9 Surfacing with noise levels 0 and 1 contained in Clauses 923, 942 and 1026 of the Specification MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 7.N] & MCHW Series 1000 [Ref 5.N] shall not be specified at sites with existing noise barriers or earth bunds that have been specifically installed as a noise mitigation measure or at locations that have been identified as an important area in any of England’s noise action plans published by DEFRA NAP(E) [Ref 3.N].

E/1.10 Selected surface course materials shall meet the required texture depth requirements specified in Clauses 921, 942 or 1026 of the specification MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 7.N] & MCHW Series 1000 [Ref 5.N].

E/1.11 Retexturing of existing surfaces shall be permitted for pavements with a particular skidding concern pending replacement of the surface.

NOTE Further guidance on retexturing is provided in CD 227 [Ref 2.N].

E/1.12 The surface course material or system to be used for coloured surfacing shall be selected from Table E/1.12.2N.

E/1.12.1 Coloured surfacing materials or systems may be used to provide a contrasting colour to the adjacent pavement surfaces, and/or to supplement prescribed signs/markings such as for bus and cycle lanes.

E/1.12.2 Coloured surfacing may be provided by using individually (or a combination of) the following:

NOTE The surface course materials or systems presented in Table E/1.12.2N can be produced as a coloured surfacing.

E/1.12.3 Where the coloured surfacing selected forms a layer <10 mm thick the underlying material should be in a sound condition such that it:

NOTE Information on network level surveys is provided in CS 229 [Ref 3.I].

E/1.13 Bright orange coloured surface course shall be used on EAs on smart motorway schemes as defined in GD 301 [Ref 9.N].

E/1.14 Bright orange coloured surface course shall not be used for any application other than EAs on smart motorway schemes as defined in GD 301 [Ref 9.N].

A scheme may include particular issues that can influence the selection of a surface course material or surface course material system. Typical examples of scheme-specific requirements can include:

Value for money with respect to noise abatement measures may be calculated as follows:

Further information on how to calculate noise cost is provided as follows:

This document is published by National Highways on behalf of the Department for Infrastructure, Northern Ireland.

This document is a National Application Annex to CD 236 [Ref 7.N].

This document forms part of the works specification. It does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for applying all appropriate documents applicable to their contract.

This National Application Annex gives the Department for Infrastructure, Northern Ireland-specific requirements related to surface course materials options.

The assumptions made in GG 101 [Ref 1.N] apply to this document.

NI/1.1 Surface course materials shall be selected from the permitted options provided in tables NI/1.1a, NI/1.1b, and NI/1.1c ( MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 4.N] & MCHW Series 1000 [Ref 2.N]).

NI/1.2 Retexturing of existing surfaces shall not be carried out without departure approval.

NI/1.3 Where small lengths of pavement with a particular skidding or other safety concern are the object of proposed retexturing then departure approval shall not be unreasonably withheld.

NI/1.4 Where a materials option in tables NI/1.1a, NI/1.1b or NI/1.1c is shown in the 'departure required' column then a departure from standard shall be obtained from the Overseeing Organisation before use.

NI/1.5 New lay-bys and hardstanding locations on trunk roads shall use a surfacing from one of the following options:

NOTE 1 'Fuel resistant' is defined as a bituminous mixture that suffers a loss of less than 6% mean value of the combined loss of mass (Cimax) when tested to BS EN 12697-43 [Ref 1.I].

NOTE 2 'Deformation resistant' is defined as developing a rut of less than 2.5 mm when tested to BS EN 12697-22 [Ref 2.I].

NOTE 3 Grouted macadam can provide a suitable surfacing for lay-bys and hardstanding locations.

NI/1.6 Existing lay-bys shall be resurfaced with either:

NI/1.7 Where any of the following applies, a site shall be classed as 'noise sensitive':

NOTE 1 Examples of ‘sensitive receptors’ are given in LA 111 [Ref 5.N].

NOTE 2 Areas of landscape or biodiversity value include areas of bird nesting or areas with multiple footpaths used regularly for recreation.

NI/1.8 Noise sensitive areas shall be assessed and appropriate mitigation provided, taking account of site specific factors, in agreement with the project sponsor.

NI/1.8.1 Where noise levels are high due to the intensity of high-speed traffic, surfacing materials may be used that can significantly reduce tyre/road-generated noise emission compared to hot-rolled asphalt (HRA).

NOTE 1 Surfacing materials that can significantly reduce tyre/road-generated noise emission can include, for example, hot, paver-laid thin-surface course systems (TSCS) complying with clause 942 of the specification MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 4.N].

NOTE 2 Traffic noise at lower speed zones (85%ile traffic speed below 50 km/h) is mainly attributable to engine, transmission and exhaust noise, especially from lorries.

NOTE 3 Further information on NMAs can be obtained from the Overseeing Organisation.

NI/1.9 The surface course material or system to be used for coloured surfacing shall be selected from Table NI/1.9.2N.

NI/1.9.1 Coloured surfacing materials or systems may be used to provide a contrasting colour to the adjacent pavement surfaces, and/or to supplement prescribed signs/markings such as for bus and cycle lanes.

NI/1.9.2 Coloured surfacing may be provided by using individually (or a combination of) the following:

NOTE The surface course materials or systems presented in Table NI/1.9.2N can be produced as a coloured surfacing.

NI/1.9.3 Where the coloured surfacing selected forms a layer <10 mm thick the underlying material should be in a sound condition and free of visual defects.

This document is published by National Highways on behalf of Transport Scotland.

This document is a National Application Annex to DMRB document CD 236 [Ref 5.N].

This document forms part of the works specification. It does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for applying all appropriate documents applicable to their contract.

This National Application Annex gives the Transport Scotland-specific requirements related to pavement surfacing for both flexible and rigid pavements.

The assumptions made in GG 101 [Ref 1.N] apply to this document.

S/1.1 Surface course materials shall be selected from those listed in Table S1.1 as permitted options.

NOTE More information on the permitted materials can be seen in the 0900 and 1000 Series of the Manual of Contract Documents for Highway Works, Volume 1 MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 4.N] & MCHW Series 1000 [Ref 2.N].

S/1.2 Where required by Table S1.1, an Approval to Proceed shall be obtained from the Overseeing Organisation for use of the material.

S/1.3 The decision on which permitted surface course materials are selected or excluded shall be made on a site- specific basis.

S/1.4 A record of the decision on which permitted surface course have been selected shall be made.

S/1.5 A departure shall not be required for retexturing.

S/1.6 High friction surfacing shall be grey in colour unless colour contrast is specifically required for demarcation purposes.

S/1.7 High friction surfacing shall not be used for the sole purpose of achieving colour contrast.

S/1.8 Lay-bys and hardstanding locations that are frequented by heavy goods vehicles shall use a deformation-resisting and fuel-resisting surfacing from one of the following options:

NOTE 1 'Fuel resisting' is defined as a bituminous mixture that suffers a loss of less than 6% mean value of the combined loss of mass (Ci_max) when tested to BS EN 12697-43 [Ref 3.I].

NOTE 2 'Deformation resisting' is defined as a bituminous mixture developing a rut of less than 2.5 mm when tested to BS EN 12697-22 [Ref 4.I].

NOTE 3 Grouted macadam can provide a suitable surfacing for lay-bys and hardstanding locations.

NOTE 4 All dual-carriageway lay-bys and hardstandings are considered to be subject to frequent use by heavy goods vehicles.

S/1.9 The design of maintenance and construction schemes within Scotland Noise Management Areas (see Noise Map (S) [Ref 5.I]) shall incorporate the requirements of the Transportation Noise Action Plan TNAP 2014 [Ref 7.N] in the selection of surface course materials.

S/1.9.1 Where traffic speeds are lower than 30 mph the full range of surface course materials may be selected.

S/1.10 A submission for justification for selecting materials not generally permitted within noise management areas as shown in Table S1.1 shall not be based solely on value for money.

NOTE 1 More information on Scotland Noise Management Areas can be found in the Scottish Government 'Transportation Noise Action Plan' 2014 TNAP 2014 [Ref 7.N].

NOTE 2 Further advice with respect to road noise can be found in TRL report TRL PPR 443 [Ref 2.I].

This document is published by National Highways on behalf of the Welsh Government.

This document is a National Application Annex to CD 236 [Ref 6.N].

This document forms part of the works specification. It does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users are responsible for applying all appropriate documents applicable to their contract.

This National Application Annex gives the Welsh Government-specific requirements related to surface course materials options.

The assumptions made in GG 101 [Ref 1.N] apply to this document.

W/1.1 Surface course materials shall be selected from MCHW Series 1000 [Ref 2.I] & MCHW Series 0900 [Ref 3.N] using the permitted options provided in Table W/1.1.

W/1.2 Where a material option in Table W/1.1 requires an 'approval to proceed', an approval shall need to be obtained from the Overseeing Organisation.

W/1.3 Materials complying with MCHW clauses 918, 922 & 923 shall only be used for maintenance purposes.

W/1.3.1 All other materials in Table W/1.1 should be proposed for new constructions.

W/1.4 The choice to use a material outside or not in accordance with Table W/1.1, must require a departure from standard.

W/1.5 Materials complying with MCHW clauses 911WG, 922, 923 and 943 shall only be used for sites where:

W/1.5.1 Traffic noise at speeds <50 km/h is mainly attributed to engine, transmission and exhaust noise, especially from larger vehicles and therefore, all materials should be assessed for use.

NOTE In this instance HRA complying with Clause 911WG refers to chipped surfaces.

W/1.6 Section 3 CD 236 [Ref 6.N] shall not apply to materials complying with Clause 1026 and PAG 112/20.

W/1.7 When an aggregate with a lower PSV than indicated in CD 236 Table 3.3a or 3.3b is proposed, previous usage and supporting evidence shall demonstrate the aggregates durability with a satisfactory skid resistance performance and skidding accident rate, before approval can be obtained from the Overseeing Organisation.

W/1.8 The minimum PSV values indicated in CD 236 Table 3.3a and 3.3b shall only be used if no alternative information is available.

W/1.9 Any retexturing of existing surfaces shall require an approval to proceed from the Overseeing Organisation.

W/1.10 Texture depth for MCHW Clauses 911WG, 918, 922 and 943 shall comply with Clause 921.

W/1.11 Any use of asphalt preservation treatments, including sealants and rejuvenators, shall require an approval to proceed from the Overseeing Organisation.

W/1.12 When applied as a veneer (<10 mm thick) the existing surface course shall be in a sound condition with no:

NOTE Network level condition survey information is provided in CS 229 [Ref 1.I].

W/1.13 Laybys and hardstanding locations including emergency areas shall use a deformation- and fuel- resisting surfacing from the following options: